Last Monday July 26, President Benigno Aquino III will delivered his first State of the Nation Address (SONA). His first SONA was sort of an exposé on “irregularities in the previous administration that were uncovered by the new Cabinet”.I think, Filipinos, however, are more interested to hear what Aquino plans to do to immediately change the country’s course. It’s not that they do no want to know the real state of the nation. It’s just that they are already very much aware of the mess left behind and crimes committed by the Arroyo administration.
Philippines is now one of the most corrupt nations in the Southeast Asia and Noynoy is trying to gain back the dignity of the Filipino or the Philippines as the most respectable nations in the past.
Preident Noynoy’s SONA can be divided into two parts; the first part enumerates the sins, incompetence and the alleged anomalies of the past administration. The second part includes the solutions and strategies he want to adopt to solve the perceived problems in order to promote prosperity and peace for the nation. But most of it focuses on expose of the past administration.
I believe that, instead of an expose, the SONA must illustrate how the Truth Commission will make Arroyo and others accountable. Aquino must provide indicators to measure the success of this commission such as specific targets and specific deadlines.
Aside from corruption, there are other problems that Aquino will have to take up in his SONA. Job scarcity, poverty and inequities in wealth distribution, insecurity in resources like energy, water, and food, fiscal deficit, agrarian unrest; human rights violations, climate crisis and environmental destruction. In his SONA, Aquino should not use Arroyo’s corruption to conceal the inadequacies of his own policies and vision for the country.
On the positive side, I like his straight-to-the-point speech but he must be discreet in his accusations. I pray that his doable solutions to the country’s problems of having public-private partnership or BOT were sincere and not offered by imperialist countries that merely want us to be perpetually dependent on them. The first SONA of our newly elected President reflects his strong desire for change and as citizens, we should participate and contribute.
On the other hand, P-Noy’s SONA renews the hope of every Filipino in attaining a clean government, quality life, and a healthy and peaceful environment. His SONA also provided hope to those who are unemployed to find jobs and livelihood and be motivated to stay in our country. More importantly, it assured us that the horrors that the GMA administration had inflicted upon us are things of the past. Which I believe that, we could craft a good policy if we use past as our basis.
PNOY’s first SONA was different from PGMA’s first State of the Nation Address last July 23, 2001. PGMA started his first SONA before using Jayson, Jomar and Erwin 3 young boys who sent her a letter using paper boat and soar it in Pasig River. PGMA had these as her basis. Her vision was to fight against poverty for a decade.
PGMA believed that Unity for the country’s recovery will set the stage for national mobilization needed to undertake the great and difficult tasks ahead. She emphasizes her belief that, to succeed on our National Agenda or problem we have to apply these four components; the first is an economic philosophy of free enterprise appropriate to the 21st century. The second component is a modernized agricultural sector founded on social equity. The third component is a social bias toward the disadvantaged to balance our economic development plan. And the fourth component is to raise the moral standards of government and society.
To cut it short, I believe that, PNOY and PGMA’s vision were more likely the same. What is important is that, our newly elected President Noynoy Aquino should be able to accomplish his vision and promises. And prioritize our countries welfare and development. So as to not experience another failed administration. And truly reduce corruption and win our fight against poverty. Which both PNOY and PGMA aims for.
Saturday, July 31, 2010
State of the Nation Address
July 26, 2010
Since today was the first SONA or State Of The Nation Address of our newly elected President Benigno Aquino III. We all assumed that this would be our topic since we expected that the SONA will cover some of the new Foreign Policy of the Aquino Administration.
PNOY’s expose that Gloria Arroyo administration abused the national budget and used a good portion of it in electioneering. That MWSS were a bunch of crocodiles. That DPWH arbitrarily changed, diverted and wasted government projects. That utility management like electric was based on politics. That MRT was badly managed. That NFA was a cover for an unbelievable corruption. And so on.
I was shocked knowing that Philippines is one of the most unfriendly country regarding Foreign Investment for the very reason that, Philippines is not stable on its Political Policies. We had a group work regarding the SONA. We were ask to analyze the problems and solutions that were presented by our newly elected president. And choose at least one problem and solution and explain it. Our group chooses the countries problem regarding investment, the proposed solution that we considered was the PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP wherein it was said that we will not spend even a single peso from willing foreign investors to invest in our country like for some who wants to build an expressway from Manila to Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya until Cagayan Valley. If this solution would be use our infrastructure would be developed that would create more job opportunities to Filipino Nationals.
To sum it up, the Aquino Administration might be pre- occupied in the next 6 years and be failed to address the present problems that the Philippines might face. But on the other hand the State of the Nation Address of PNOY was good since he uses the past as his basis on creating programs or laws. Since history helps to create good and effective policy.
Since today was the first SONA or State Of The Nation Address of our newly elected President Benigno Aquino III. We all assumed that this would be our topic since we expected that the SONA will cover some of the new Foreign Policy of the Aquino Administration.
PNOY’s expose that Gloria Arroyo administration abused the national budget and used a good portion of it in electioneering. That MWSS were a bunch of crocodiles. That DPWH arbitrarily changed, diverted and wasted government projects. That utility management like electric was based on politics. That MRT was badly managed. That NFA was a cover for an unbelievable corruption. And so on.
I was shocked knowing that Philippines is one of the most unfriendly country regarding Foreign Investment for the very reason that, Philippines is not stable on its Political Policies. We had a group work regarding the SONA. We were ask to analyze the problems and solutions that were presented by our newly elected president. And choose at least one problem and solution and explain it. Our group chooses the countries problem regarding investment, the proposed solution that we considered was the PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP wherein it was said that we will not spend even a single peso from willing foreign investors to invest in our country like for some who wants to build an expressway from Manila to Bulacan, Nueva Ecija, Nueva Viscaya until Cagayan Valley. If this solution would be use our infrastructure would be developed that would create more job opportunities to Filipino Nationals.
To sum it up, the Aquino Administration might be pre- occupied in the next 6 years and be failed to address the present problems that the Philippines might face. But on the other hand the State of the Nation Address of PNOY was good since he uses the past as his basis on creating programs or laws. Since history helps to create good and effective policy.
Group Work: Protection of Nationals- ASEAN Countries
Groupmates:
BAILON, Renzie
DILANGALEN, AJ
LANTING, Yayie
MAGSINO, Sam
ROLDAN, Ara
SEULKI, Kim
Our task is to choice one of PGMA’s Foreign Policy and to show how would be the process of creating such Foreign Policy. These would be the cycle on crafting such law; setting of the goal, implementation, result and consequences, evaluate and revise. Since Foreign Policy are known to be as a continuous process of formulation and implementation. There are also three time lines to consider when drafting such policy the first one would be immediate, second would be midterm and the last one would be the long term.
Philippines is one of the pioneer countries in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) together with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. As of today, Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao DPR and Vietnam are already part of ASEAN. The organization aims to promote economic integration, social progress and cultural development within the member states. In general, the ASEAN aims to promote peace and stability within the region.
Considering the aims of the regional group, the Philippines is expected to have a good relationship with the member states of ASEAN and vice-versa. Focusing on the issue of OFWs and their protection once they go out of the country (Philippines) to work.
To implement such law we were also ask to give some offices or department that would help on the implementation process. One of these is the POEA. Programs of POEA such as: Savings mobilization initiatives of the government: SSS and Pag-Ibig are useful programs that can address problems concerning irregular migrants or undocumented overseas workers. The Social Security System (SSS) is very visible in the Philippine consulate. It started its overseas operations in Hong Kong on January 28, 1998. So far, there have been 55,000 migrant workers who have enlisted with the SSS, or about one-third of the estimated number of Filipino migrant workers. The agency estimates that their membership enlistment program can potentially reach all Filipino migrant workers in Hong Kong, including the undocumented ones. Programs such as, Livelihood and Housing loan programs, Flexi Fund and the Pag IIbig Fund would encourage migrants workers including the undocumented one’s would be interested to sign up. SSS has its own technique for its program to spread among Filipino Nationals. One on one discussion with organized migrant groups with large scale of members like religious groups such us: El Shaddai and Jesus is Lord (JIL). Each group has their own marketing functions to inform migrant workers about SSS and convince them to enlist themselves with the agency.
BAILON, Renzie
DILANGALEN, AJ
LANTING, Yayie
MAGSINO, Sam
ROLDAN, Ara
SEULKI, Kim
Our task is to choice one of PGMA’s Foreign Policy and to show how would be the process of creating such Foreign Policy. These would be the cycle on crafting such law; setting of the goal, implementation, result and consequences, evaluate and revise. Since Foreign Policy are known to be as a continuous process of formulation and implementation. There are also three time lines to consider when drafting such policy the first one would be immediate, second would be midterm and the last one would be the long term.
Philippines is one of the pioneer countries in the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN) together with Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore and Thailand. As of today, Brunei, Myanmar, Cambodia, Lao DPR and Vietnam are already part of ASEAN. The organization aims to promote economic integration, social progress and cultural development within the member states. In general, the ASEAN aims to promote peace and stability within the region.
Considering the aims of the regional group, the Philippines is expected to have a good relationship with the member states of ASEAN and vice-versa. Focusing on the issue of OFWs and their protection once they go out of the country (Philippines) to work.
To implement such law we were also ask to give some offices or department that would help on the implementation process. One of these is the POEA. Programs of POEA such as: Savings mobilization initiatives of the government: SSS and Pag-Ibig are useful programs that can address problems concerning irregular migrants or undocumented overseas workers. The Social Security System (SSS) is very visible in the Philippine consulate. It started its overseas operations in Hong Kong on January 28, 1998. So far, there have been 55,000 migrant workers who have enlisted with the SSS, or about one-third of the estimated number of Filipino migrant workers. The agency estimates that their membership enlistment program can potentially reach all Filipino migrant workers in Hong Kong, including the undocumented ones. Programs such as, Livelihood and Housing loan programs, Flexi Fund and the Pag IIbig Fund would encourage migrants workers including the undocumented one’s would be interested to sign up. SSS has its own technique for its program to spread among Filipino Nationals. One on one discussion with organized migrant groups with large scale of members like religious groups such us: El Shaddai and Jesus is Lord (JIL). Each group has their own marketing functions to inform migrant workers about SSS and convince them to enlist themselves with the agency.
THE Moro Problem July 19, 2010
Today is the deadline of our midterm paper, since all of us were exhausted on finishing this paper. Miss gave us the chance to rejuvenate our selves. And proclaimed that it would be our free day. But before that she shared us her style or technique on creating such paper. Since she is also use on creating such paper. She uses the problems on peace process and the Moro problem which aims to explain the factors which are included on the theme. These factors includes: The Philippines, MILF, Malaysia, Indonesia, OIC and the United States. After explaining such event she dismissed us already
Foreign Policy- Definition, Process and Time Line
Foreign Policy July 12, 2010
Foreign Policy can be defined as a continous process of formulation and implementation. Continous process because it never stops to be changed, develop or amended. These process starts from Decision Making we first had to identify the national interest, collect the data needed, planning that includes meeting and consultation and the announcement of the policy. After Decision Making, Actions should undertake and be able to project proposal forms. After the action, you would be able to identify the results and consequences of the said policy. Evaluation would be the next process and if something is wrong it would be revise or adjust that’s why it is called a continous process. Foreign Policy also has its own time line. The immediate, midterm and long term.
Foreign Policy can be defined as a continous process of formulation and implementation. Continous process because it never stops to be changed, develop or amended. These process starts from Decision Making we first had to identify the national interest, collect the data needed, planning that includes meeting and consultation and the announcement of the policy. After Decision Making, Actions should undertake and be able to project proposal forms. After the action, you would be able to identify the results and consequences of the said policy. Evaluation would be the next process and if something is wrong it would be revise or adjust that’s why it is called a continous process. Foreign Policy also has its own time line. The immediate, midterm and long term.
MIDTERM PAPER
10857745
Protection of Nationals
Migration involves moving from one place to another, either within or across national boarders for various purposes; for work, permanent residency, tourism, education, medical assistance and etc. Migration in the world today is inevitable, around 175 million persons currently live in countries outside their country of birth. 2.9% of world’s population to be exact.
Republic of the Philippines is the third leading source of migrant workers or OFW’s in the world next to China and India (Inq.net, 2005). According to CFO, POEA, DFA and PEC’s, as of December 2008, the total number of overseas Filipinos abroad is 8.18M. 3.9 are OFW’S, 3.6 are permanent residents and 0.65M are irregular or commonly known as the TNT’s. They are found in more than 193 countries of destination . Majority of whom are in North America, the Middle East, Australia, Europe, and the newly industrialized economies of Asia(Høgsholm ) . Since Philippines is a top source of knowledge workers, migration today is continuous for skilled and unskilled workers since migration is considered as an inherent culture.
Here are some reasons, or the push and pull factors that drive residents away from their homeland; Push factors are; unemployment, poverty, underemployment, lack of job opportunities, low minimum wages and competition. Pull factors are those attracts migrants to host countries because of these reasons; attractive benefits and privileges, conducive environment, better working conditions, and advance skills and technologies . Migration for labor is not an individual choice rather a family choice.
Migration report in 2005 stated that, migrationbring cost and benefit to both sending and receiving country although these are not equally shared. Migrants represent 2.9 percent of the worlds population. It was also accepted as true that more Asians are finding jobs in Asia as itself. Some researchers in the United States and United kingdom shows that migrants contribute more in taxes than what they receive. Migrants engage in all skill levels that occupying jobs that the locals are either unwilling to take .
Today, issues regarding migration are continuous considering that one of the 8 realities of the former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is the “Protection of the Nationals”. Republic Act of 8042 commonly know as the Migrant Workers Act of 1995, it was ratify by the Philippine Congress as a response to the highly emotional issue of Flor Contemplacion, a Filipina OFW who was executed in Singapore, this event stress the abuses and sufferings of a Filipino OFW. Since then, R.A 8042 implements its rules for migrant workers including; the Office of the under secretary for Migrant Workers Affairs (OUMWA) for extending legal services for OFW’s suffering from maltreatment, injustice and other unfair labor practices, Provides for a stricter regulation on overseas employment particularly illegal recruitment, Establishes one-country-team approach, ensures humane and decent working conditions and secures the best terms of employment in host countries, Mandatory repatriation of under aged workers and etc. R.A 8042 section 2 (c) also emphasize that the state does not promote overseas work as a key for economic growth and achieve national development. Whereas R.A 8042 allows the deployment of OFW’s supposedly to countries where Philippines has a good relation, in order to protect the rights of Filipino Nationals. However there have been a remarkable advance for the implementation of R.A 8042, example of these are; shared government information system, travel advisories, legal assistance for migrant workers, the country team approach, streamline recruitment procedures. Various offices and agencies were created to ensure the implementation of the said policy. Like, Overseas Employment Development Board (OEDB), that is in charge to negotiate with the terms and conditions of employment, National Seamen Board (NSB), regulate and supervise activities of agents or representatives of shipping companies in hiring workers, and jurisdiction over cases involving Filipino seamen, Office of Emigrant Affairs (OEA), who maintains close ties with the Filipino migrant communities. Participation of non- governmental organization played an important role as partners of government entities on implementing R.A 8042. Section 2 (h) of R.A 8042 clearly grants legitimate NGO’s are states partners on protecting Filipino nationals.
On the other hand, there are still issues that the R.A 8042 did not successfully address. According to Loretta Ann P. Rosales, a Philippine legislator, R.A 8042 fails to protect migrant workers basically because host countries are beyond its jurisdiction. Ineffective pre- departure orientation also fails to play its role to help migrant workers to adjust on the culture of the country of destination so as to inform OFW on their rights as migrant workers. And give migrant workers knowledge about the procedure to be taken in case of emergency. Last June 2009, 67 suspected gays in Riyadh were arrested for dressing up in woman’s cloth, suspected gays were compelled to resign for the fear of being charged. OWWA then advised the LGBT to act cautiously in accordance to the countries culture. A report from ABS-CBN network last June 10, 2010 was reported. Dubs a Filipino migrant worker who is supposed to return to Saudi Arabia as a caregiver receives a memorandum, banning members from the third sex to enter the kingdom. The embassy affirmed that “officials of recruitment agencies who are responsible in conducting interviews of job applicants to Saudi Arabia are strongly advised to screen them thoroughly so that those belonging to the third sex are exhausted.” This issue is a clear manifestation of gender discrimination among migrant workers.
The usual issues, problems and concerns that Filipino Overseas face are; high cost of placement fees, lack of information on policies of host country, lack of preparation of the migrant workers and his/her family, illegal recruitment, deployment, departure, lack of employment opportunities and limited job offers. Sometimes migrant workers are shock since it’s not what they expected.
In Qatar, Aguilar a migrant worker who was arrested after mistaken as Jason Aguilar Ivler convicted of murder in the Philippines and was included in the Interpol Red Notice. Following this event, Philippine Ambassador to Qatar, Crescente Relacion ask for an additional protection measure for OFW’s in Quatar. This includes a need for Qatar to inform the Philippine embassy whenever a migrant worker will be arrested or deported (A. Sambidge, 2010).
Filipino migrants in Europe number approximately a million ( 824,419) in 2005 according to CFMW, Commission of Filipino Migrant Workers, the largest concentrations being in Italy, Spain and Britain , with large numbers also found in Germany, Greece, France, Austria, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Belgium, with the rest in other countries of the European Union, and in Scandinavia. Migration to Europe started during 60’s in response to Europe’s need for labor as a result of there involvement to war. Most of Filipino migrants in Europe are highly educated or professionals. 80% of Filipinos in Europe are women. They should not be 29 years of age when they leave the country and unmarried. Filipino women in Europe are being use for cheap private labor. This emphasizes feminization or discrimination. Filipinos who come to Europe with tourist visa who overstayed would be considered as irregular migrants. CFO (Commission for Filipinos Overseas) estimates that there are some 143,035 of these undocumented .
“Canada is one of the chosen countries of destination for Filipinos seeking to work and live abroad. But life for migrant workers and overseas Filipinos is not all that rosy in the “Land of the Free,””(MAKILAN, 2006). The second largest country after Russia is Canada, In fact government data showed that Canada is the 10th largest source of remittances of the OFW’s amounting of $117.06 million. But life of Filipino Nationals in Canada is not easy, abuse and injustice among Filipinos is inevitable. Filipinos who could not practice their professions or are being abused by their employers. Nurses have to wait for at least a year to be accredited. Others are subjected to deprofessionalization like engineers who are categorized and hired as engineer technicians. This scenario shows another way of inequity among workers abroad. Filipino migrants in Canada are among the first to lose their jobs when lay offs occur since Filipinos are in the bottom rung of jobs (Diocson). During the privatization of the health care system in lat 2000 known as regionalization, quite a lot of Filipino workers were laid off. As a result laid off workers were obliged to ask the help of their agencies to deploy them to other hospitals or company even in a low paying wage. Filipino’s abroad face not only work- related issues but immigration issues as well. Caregivers in Canada has another issue, they experienced unjust deportation for not being able to compel the requirements of the LCP. A caregiver who receives a memorandum for deportation should leave the country in one month, considering that these workers were not able to save money since they were deported and still has to pay debts on the country of origin (Philippines).Organizations from Canada focus on four areas; sectoral issue’s, systematic racism, youth and economic marginalization. The federation of Filipino Organizations in the Netherlands (FFON), conducted a forum concerning Issues and Concerns of Filipino migrants in the Netherlands last November 24, 1997. The continuous growth of Filipino migration in the Netherlands is an observable fact. Filipinos in search of better economic opportunities abroad, variety of factors that triggers migrations are poverty, lack of job opportunities, inequality, and aggressive export programs of the Philippine Government. The government’s labor export policy is known to be the “temporary solution” to the countries unemployment problems and balance of payment deficit. A statement from the former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, “our policy is not to export labor…” hence a support to POEA’s program thrust 2008 which incorporates the “facilitation of deployment of OFW’s”.
Since the midst 1980’s Femininization of Filipino Migration became an issue. For the last few years until 2006, woman dominated male workers. Women dominated jobs such as caregivers, nurses, entertainers and domestic workers. Being an entertainer nor domestic helper is known to be a vulnerable for exploitation and violence since these jobs are not covered by labor and social roles in other countries . As a response to these issues, the government recognized new policies for the protection of domestic workers under Household Service Workers Policy Reform which took effect last 2007. To ensure the implementation of this policy, cooperation of the receiving state is a must, despite the fact that other government cannot comply with this policy since they have their own policy to consider . Since then, reduction of female entertainers and domestic workers was put into effect. Nevertheless a thorough assessment of situation of the migrant workers should be improved in order to make policies that will protect migrant workers. HWS policy was a unilateral choice of the Philippine government.
Irregular migrants or undocumented Filipinos Overseas are the most vulnerable among migrants since their rights are obviously denied by the receiving country. In 2007 the estimated number of irregular migrants was 900,023 higher than the previous year . Filipino migrants became undocumented because of some reasons. A number of Filipino migrants leave the country without proper documentation or working permits. However some irregular migrants leave the country with document and proper visa hence, ending up being irregular migrants to escape from their abusive employer . Another reason that triggers a worker to leave the country without proper documentation is when the worker did not pass through POEA prior to his departure for work abroad. To solve this issue on illegal or irregular migrant’s bilateral negotiation on the receiving country should be impose. This could follow the support to review and revise the “kefala” or the sponsorship system. The Philippine government should play its full support to irregular migrants by rushing up issuance of passports . Illegal Recruitment is a continuous issue that the government cannot solve. Illegal Recruitment continuously victimize men and women especially in Rural areas. R.A 8042 defines recruitment as; recruitment without license or authority to recruit, substituting or altering employments contract, withholding or denying travel documents for financial reasons, failure to deploy workers without valid reason, failure to reimburse workers expenses in case where actual deployment does not take place. Migrants pay huge amount to be able to work abroad. Recruitment agencies are permitted to collect placement fee not more than his/ her one month salary . Recruitment agencies are also allowed to collect service from the foreign employer . According to a COA audit report “actions relating to Illegal Recruitments are inadequate”. Philippine government has its own method on combating illegal recruitment like; Upgrading documentation services for OFW’s, creation of the Presidential- Anti Recruitment Task Force (PAIRIF), advocacy effort on amendments for R.A 8042, and legal assistance for the victims of illegal recruitment. Policies and Programs for pre-departure such as travel advisories exit controls and workers documentation and etc. On- site programs such as Country- Team Approach, contingency planning. Reintegration programs such as Overseas Filipino Investor’s Bond, Saving and Investment options were also crafted. As a response to Illegal Recruitment, The Presidents Executive Order No. 548 clearly defines the role of government in fighting Illegal Recruitment and guiding POEA’s agreement with the LGU’s.
Protection of nationals should be the primary focus of the government now, seeing its effect to Filipino Nationals around the world. Human Rights and inequity is the primary issue. Any migrant worker should have the same labour laws that applys with the local workers in the host country. Labor Export Policy which promotes deployment strategy but without governments effort to monitor and ensure the protection of migrant workers as well as his/her family would undo whatever success it may attain in response to issues and concerns of Filipino Overseas. Republic of the Philippines already has policies and programs Indicated in Republic Act 8042 commonly known as Migrant Workers Law. For further regulation, State should partly established clear mechanisms on coordination and cooperation with agencies and other states. The government should present central database and information system on labor and migration for accountability. What the government needs is a more effective implementation of its regulatory functions in order to overcome overseas Filipino workers issue. To avoid another case like Flor Contemplacion.
Other Sources:
POEA Statistical Data, September 2001
“Reviewing Gains, Understanding Empowerment, Deepening Strategies (Highlights of the 6” Regional Conference on Migration”. Asian Migrant Center Yearbook 2000.
“Philippines”. (Country Report) Asian Migrant Center Yearbook 2000.
Oostindie, hwin. “International Labor Migration is Modern Day Slavery: Philippine Workers Go Abroad to Help Families Survive Back Home”
Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos (ERCOF). The Development Potential of Migration. 2000.
Department of Labor and Employment. The Overseas Employment Program (White Paper) 1995.
AMEND. Uphold Migrant Rights and Interests: Amend RA 8042. May 2001
Notes from other course or subjects: Philippine Constitution and International Law
Protection of Nationals
Migration involves moving from one place to another, either within or across national boarders for various purposes; for work, permanent residency, tourism, education, medical assistance and etc. Migration in the world today is inevitable, around 175 million persons currently live in countries outside their country of birth. 2.9% of world’s population to be exact.
Republic of the Philippines is the third leading source of migrant workers or OFW’s in the world next to China and India (Inq.net, 2005). According to CFO, POEA, DFA and PEC’s, as of December 2008, the total number of overseas Filipinos abroad is 8.18M. 3.9 are OFW’S, 3.6 are permanent residents and 0.65M are irregular or commonly known as the TNT’s. They are found in more than 193 countries of destination . Majority of whom are in North America, the Middle East, Australia, Europe, and the newly industrialized economies of Asia(Høgsholm ) . Since Philippines is a top source of knowledge workers, migration today is continuous for skilled and unskilled workers since migration is considered as an inherent culture.
Here are some reasons, or the push and pull factors that drive residents away from their homeland; Push factors are; unemployment, poverty, underemployment, lack of job opportunities, low minimum wages and competition. Pull factors are those attracts migrants to host countries because of these reasons; attractive benefits and privileges, conducive environment, better working conditions, and advance skills and technologies . Migration for labor is not an individual choice rather a family choice.
Migration report in 2005 stated that, migrationbring cost and benefit to both sending and receiving country although these are not equally shared. Migrants represent 2.9 percent of the worlds population. It was also accepted as true that more Asians are finding jobs in Asia as itself. Some researchers in the United States and United kingdom shows that migrants contribute more in taxes than what they receive. Migrants engage in all skill levels that occupying jobs that the locals are either unwilling to take .
Today, issues regarding migration are continuous considering that one of the 8 realities of the former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo is the “Protection of the Nationals”. Republic Act of 8042 commonly know as the Migrant Workers Act of 1995, it was ratify by the Philippine Congress as a response to the highly emotional issue of Flor Contemplacion, a Filipina OFW who was executed in Singapore, this event stress the abuses and sufferings of a Filipino OFW. Since then, R.A 8042 implements its rules for migrant workers including; the Office of the under secretary for Migrant Workers Affairs (OUMWA) for extending legal services for OFW’s suffering from maltreatment, injustice and other unfair labor practices, Provides for a stricter regulation on overseas employment particularly illegal recruitment, Establishes one-country-team approach, ensures humane and decent working conditions and secures the best terms of employment in host countries, Mandatory repatriation of under aged workers and etc. R.A 8042 section 2 (c) also emphasize that the state does not promote overseas work as a key for economic growth and achieve national development. Whereas R.A 8042 allows the deployment of OFW’s supposedly to countries where Philippines has a good relation, in order to protect the rights of Filipino Nationals. However there have been a remarkable advance for the implementation of R.A 8042, example of these are; shared government information system, travel advisories, legal assistance for migrant workers, the country team approach, streamline recruitment procedures. Various offices and agencies were created to ensure the implementation of the said policy. Like, Overseas Employment Development Board (OEDB), that is in charge to negotiate with the terms and conditions of employment, National Seamen Board (NSB), regulate and supervise activities of agents or representatives of shipping companies in hiring workers, and jurisdiction over cases involving Filipino seamen, Office of Emigrant Affairs (OEA), who maintains close ties with the Filipino migrant communities. Participation of non- governmental organization played an important role as partners of government entities on implementing R.A 8042. Section 2 (h) of R.A 8042 clearly grants legitimate NGO’s are states partners on protecting Filipino nationals.
On the other hand, there are still issues that the R.A 8042 did not successfully address. According to Loretta Ann P. Rosales, a Philippine legislator, R.A 8042 fails to protect migrant workers basically because host countries are beyond its jurisdiction. Ineffective pre- departure orientation also fails to play its role to help migrant workers to adjust on the culture of the country of destination so as to inform OFW on their rights as migrant workers. And give migrant workers knowledge about the procedure to be taken in case of emergency. Last June 2009, 67 suspected gays in Riyadh were arrested for dressing up in woman’s cloth, suspected gays were compelled to resign for the fear of being charged. OWWA then advised the LGBT to act cautiously in accordance to the countries culture. A report from ABS-CBN network last June 10, 2010 was reported. Dubs a Filipino migrant worker who is supposed to return to Saudi Arabia as a caregiver receives a memorandum, banning members from the third sex to enter the kingdom. The embassy affirmed that “officials of recruitment agencies who are responsible in conducting interviews of job applicants to Saudi Arabia are strongly advised to screen them thoroughly so that those belonging to the third sex are exhausted.” This issue is a clear manifestation of gender discrimination among migrant workers.
The usual issues, problems and concerns that Filipino Overseas face are; high cost of placement fees, lack of information on policies of host country, lack of preparation of the migrant workers and his/her family, illegal recruitment, deployment, departure, lack of employment opportunities and limited job offers. Sometimes migrant workers are shock since it’s not what they expected.
In Qatar, Aguilar a migrant worker who was arrested after mistaken as Jason Aguilar Ivler convicted of murder in the Philippines and was included in the Interpol Red Notice. Following this event, Philippine Ambassador to Qatar, Crescente Relacion ask for an additional protection measure for OFW’s in Quatar. This includes a need for Qatar to inform the Philippine embassy whenever a migrant worker will be arrested or deported (A. Sambidge, 2010).
Filipino migrants in Europe number approximately a million ( 824,419) in 2005 according to CFMW, Commission of Filipino Migrant Workers, the largest concentrations being in Italy, Spain and Britain , with large numbers also found in Germany, Greece, France, Austria, Switzerland, The Netherlands and Belgium, with the rest in other countries of the European Union, and in Scandinavia. Migration to Europe started during 60’s in response to Europe’s need for labor as a result of there involvement to war. Most of Filipino migrants in Europe are highly educated or professionals. 80% of Filipinos in Europe are women. They should not be 29 years of age when they leave the country and unmarried. Filipino women in Europe are being use for cheap private labor. This emphasizes feminization or discrimination. Filipinos who come to Europe with tourist visa who overstayed would be considered as irregular migrants. CFO (Commission for Filipinos Overseas) estimates that there are some 143,035 of these undocumented .
“Canada is one of the chosen countries of destination for Filipinos seeking to work and live abroad. But life for migrant workers and overseas Filipinos is not all that rosy in the “Land of the Free,””(MAKILAN, 2006). The second largest country after Russia is Canada, In fact government data showed that Canada is the 10th largest source of remittances of the OFW’s amounting of $117.06 million. But life of Filipino Nationals in Canada is not easy, abuse and injustice among Filipinos is inevitable. Filipinos who could not practice their professions or are being abused by their employers. Nurses have to wait for at least a year to be accredited. Others are subjected to deprofessionalization like engineers who are categorized and hired as engineer technicians. This scenario shows another way of inequity among workers abroad. Filipino migrants in Canada are among the first to lose their jobs when lay offs occur since Filipinos are in the bottom rung of jobs (Diocson). During the privatization of the health care system in lat 2000 known as regionalization, quite a lot of Filipino workers were laid off. As a result laid off workers were obliged to ask the help of their agencies to deploy them to other hospitals or company even in a low paying wage. Filipino’s abroad face not only work- related issues but immigration issues as well. Caregivers in Canada has another issue, they experienced unjust deportation for not being able to compel the requirements of the LCP. A caregiver who receives a memorandum for deportation should leave the country in one month, considering that these workers were not able to save money since they were deported and still has to pay debts on the country of origin (Philippines).Organizations from Canada focus on four areas; sectoral issue’s, systematic racism, youth and economic marginalization. The federation of Filipino Organizations in the Netherlands (FFON), conducted a forum concerning Issues and Concerns of Filipino migrants in the Netherlands last November 24, 1997. The continuous growth of Filipino migration in the Netherlands is an observable fact. Filipinos in search of better economic opportunities abroad, variety of factors that triggers migrations are poverty, lack of job opportunities, inequality, and aggressive export programs of the Philippine Government. The government’s labor export policy is known to be the “temporary solution” to the countries unemployment problems and balance of payment deficit. A statement from the former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, “our policy is not to export labor…” hence a support to POEA’s program thrust 2008 which incorporates the “facilitation of deployment of OFW’s”.
Since the midst 1980’s Femininization of Filipino Migration became an issue. For the last few years until 2006, woman dominated male workers. Women dominated jobs such as caregivers, nurses, entertainers and domestic workers. Being an entertainer nor domestic helper is known to be a vulnerable for exploitation and violence since these jobs are not covered by labor and social roles in other countries . As a response to these issues, the government recognized new policies for the protection of domestic workers under Household Service Workers Policy Reform which took effect last 2007. To ensure the implementation of this policy, cooperation of the receiving state is a must, despite the fact that other government cannot comply with this policy since they have their own policy to consider . Since then, reduction of female entertainers and domestic workers was put into effect. Nevertheless a thorough assessment of situation of the migrant workers should be improved in order to make policies that will protect migrant workers. HWS policy was a unilateral choice of the Philippine government.
Irregular migrants or undocumented Filipinos Overseas are the most vulnerable among migrants since their rights are obviously denied by the receiving country. In 2007 the estimated number of irregular migrants was 900,023 higher than the previous year . Filipino migrants became undocumented because of some reasons. A number of Filipino migrants leave the country without proper documentation or working permits. However some irregular migrants leave the country with document and proper visa hence, ending up being irregular migrants to escape from their abusive employer . Another reason that triggers a worker to leave the country without proper documentation is when the worker did not pass through POEA prior to his departure for work abroad. To solve this issue on illegal or irregular migrant’s bilateral negotiation on the receiving country should be impose. This could follow the support to review and revise the “kefala” or the sponsorship system. The Philippine government should play its full support to irregular migrants by rushing up issuance of passports . Illegal Recruitment is a continuous issue that the government cannot solve. Illegal Recruitment continuously victimize men and women especially in Rural areas. R.A 8042 defines recruitment as; recruitment without license or authority to recruit, substituting or altering employments contract, withholding or denying travel documents for financial reasons, failure to deploy workers without valid reason, failure to reimburse workers expenses in case where actual deployment does not take place. Migrants pay huge amount to be able to work abroad. Recruitment agencies are permitted to collect placement fee not more than his/ her one month salary . Recruitment agencies are also allowed to collect service from the foreign employer . According to a COA audit report “actions relating to Illegal Recruitments are inadequate”. Philippine government has its own method on combating illegal recruitment like; Upgrading documentation services for OFW’s, creation of the Presidential- Anti Recruitment Task Force (PAIRIF), advocacy effort on amendments for R.A 8042, and legal assistance for the victims of illegal recruitment. Policies and Programs for pre-departure such as travel advisories exit controls and workers documentation and etc. On- site programs such as Country- Team Approach, contingency planning. Reintegration programs such as Overseas Filipino Investor’s Bond, Saving and Investment options were also crafted. As a response to Illegal Recruitment, The Presidents Executive Order No. 548 clearly defines the role of government in fighting Illegal Recruitment and guiding POEA’s agreement with the LGU’s.
Protection of nationals should be the primary focus of the government now, seeing its effect to Filipino Nationals around the world. Human Rights and inequity is the primary issue. Any migrant worker should have the same labour laws that applys with the local workers in the host country. Labor Export Policy which promotes deployment strategy but without governments effort to monitor and ensure the protection of migrant workers as well as his/her family would undo whatever success it may attain in response to issues and concerns of Filipino Overseas. Republic of the Philippines already has policies and programs Indicated in Republic Act 8042 commonly known as Migrant Workers Law. For further regulation, State should partly established clear mechanisms on coordination and cooperation with agencies and other states. The government should present central database and information system on labor and migration for accountability. What the government needs is a more effective implementation of its regulatory functions in order to overcome overseas Filipino workers issue. To avoid another case like Flor Contemplacion.
Other Sources:
POEA Statistical Data, September 2001
“Reviewing Gains, Understanding Empowerment, Deepening Strategies (Highlights of the 6” Regional Conference on Migration”. Asian Migrant Center Yearbook 2000.
“Philippines”. (Country Report) Asian Migrant Center Yearbook 2000.
Oostindie, hwin. “International Labor Migration is Modern Day Slavery: Philippine Workers Go Abroad to Help Families Survive Back Home”
Economic Resource Center for Overseas Filipinos (ERCOF). The Development Potential of Migration. 2000.
Department of Labor and Employment. The Overseas Employment Program (White Paper) 1995.
AMEND. Uphold Migrant Rights and Interests: Amend RA 8042. May 2001
Notes from other course or subjects: Philippine Constitution and International Law
Tuesday, July 6, 2010
July 5 activity
Question no. 1
What is the mandate of the department of foreign affairs in terms of being the principal arm to implement foreign policy? What other institutions help or assist the Department of Foreign Affairs in realizing Foreign Policy?
- Department of Foreign Affairs is the prime agency of government responsible for the pursuit of the State's foreign policy and the nerve center for a Foreign Service worthy of the trust and pride of every Filipino. The DFA implement foreign policy with the highest standards of professionalism and commitment. They aim to pursue bilateral, regional and multilateral relations to advance the interest of the Philippines and the Filipinos. DFA build partnerships with national security and development agencies, think-tanks and the academe, the private sector, the media and civil society in the interest of the nation and the people.
- The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) advises and assists the President in planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, integrating, and evaluating the total national effort in the field of foreign relations in pursuit of its Constitutional mandate.
- The Foreign Service Institute or (FSI) serves as the center for the development and professionalization of the career foreign serious operations.
- The technical cooperation council of the Philippines (TCCP) acts as the national focal point for technical cooperation among developing (TCDC) and as such implements a technical; cooperation program in favor of the developing and least develop countries, coordinates related projects and activities implemented by government and non- government organizations, and undertakes research on the technical assistance requirements of the DC’s and the LDCs.
- The UNESCO ideals, programs and activities aimed in creating a society where each individual can live and or in dignity and participate fully in the country’s development. In the changes of global context the DFA maybe gut modeled in response to this the rise of NGOs in the international decision making has resulted in a network of consultative functions with larger and more critical global implications.
- WTO has internalized interest of highly developed state into country’s economic life, it has reshape the Philippine society in terms of migrant workers and its protection, imposed conditions of multilateral organizations, rules of trade and legal agreements.
Question no. 2
Enumerate the Eight Foreign Policy Realities of former President Arroyo or each reality find 2-3 related news articles and then make an analysis as to what extent did the Arroyo administration work to implement the said realities.
1. China, Japan and The United States and their relationship will be a determining influence in the security situation and economic evolution of east Asia
Article no. 1
Asia and the United States: The Challenges Ahead
By Robert A. Scalaring
Considers how the USA should (1) best encourage evolution towards democracy in Asia's socialist states, covering China after the Tienanmen Square demonstrations, North Korea's improving dialogue with South Korea, and Vietnam's withdrawal from Cambodia (2) resolve its trade policy differences with Japan, before issues become "thrust into the heat of the domestic political arena".
Article no. 2
China and Japan's Simmering Rivalry
By Kent E. Calder
March/ April 2006
Although Japan and China have close economic ties, their diplomatic relations have been strained by clashing interests and cultural friction. The United States has an important role to play in promoting cooperation between Tokyo and Beijing and helping them adjust to a new phase in East Asia's history.
2. Philippine foreign policy decisions have to be made in the context Of ASEAN
Article no. 1
Philippines: Ratify ASEAN Charter, says CHR
The Philippines, particularly the Senate, should join the seven other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and ratify the regional bloc's charter, the Commission on Human Rights said. (ASIA PACIFIC FORUM)
Article no. 2
Filipino Community Attests to People-Centered Philippine Foreign Policy
"The Department of Foreign Affairs as a member of the Philippine Working Group has always been very supportive, and has carried this advocacy forward. The Philippines has strived to be the most progressive of vanguards when it comes to human rights in ASEAN and has sought to keep its foreign policy decisions in line with ASEAN's vision of a truly people-oriented community,
3. The International Islamic Community will continue to be important for the Philippines
Article no.1
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The MILF is the vanguard of the Islamic movement in the Bangsamoro homeland in Mindanao and the neighbouring islands. Islam in the Philippines has absorbed indigenous elements, much as has Catholicism. Moros thus make offerings to spirits (diwatas), malevolent or benign, believing that such spirits can and will have an effect on one's health, family, and crops.
Article no. 2
Filipino Community Attests to People-Centered Philippine Foreign
2 Jun 2010 ... "The Department of Foreign Affairs as a member of the Philippine Working ... greater partnership with the international Islamic community.
4. The coming years will see the growing importance of multilateral and inter-regional organizations to promote common interest.
4. The coming years will see the growing importance of multilateral and inter-regional organizations to promote common interests;
5. As an archipelagic state, the defense of the nation's sovereignty and the protection of its environment and natural resources can be carried out only to the extent that it asserts its rights over the maritime territory and gets others to respect those rights;
Article no. 1
Hundreds of dolphins invade Bataan shores
By Katherine Adraneda
(The Philippine Star) Updated February 11, 2009 12:00 AM
MANILA, Philippines - Three of the more than 300 melon-headed dolphins that “invaded” the waters off Pilar town in Bataan early yesterday have drowned. Locals believe they were trapped in fishing nets near the coast.
6. The country's economic policy will continue to be friendly to both domestic and foreign direct investments;
Economy expands 7.3% in 1st quarter
By Iris C. Gonzales
(Th MANILA, Philippines - The economy expanded by 7.3 percent in the first quarter of the year, the highest quarterly growth recorded since the 8.3 percent-expansion registered in the second quarter of 2007 on the back of sustained dollar.
remittances from overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), election-related spending and a general improvement in the global environment, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) reported yesterday.
Article no. 2
FACTBOX-Philippine policymakers' comments on economy, policy
2010-06-03 02:56 (UTC)
MANILA, June 3 (Reuters) - The Philippine central bank is expected to hold interest rates steady at a record low of 4 percent on Thursday as it waits to assess the impact of Europe's sovereign debt problems on the global economy.
Following are comments by senior Philippine policymakers since the last central bank meeting on April 22. The central bank will announce the policy review around 0800 GMT.
7. The Philippines can benefit most quickly from international tourism
Article no. 1
Cebu Pacific now the Philippines’ largest airline
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Cebu Pacific (CEB) is now the Philippines’ largest airline by total number of passengers flown on domestic and international routes. Based on Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) data, CEB flew 2,448,990 domestic and international passengers from January to March this year, almost 110,000 more than Philippine Airlines’ system-wide figures of 2,339,788. CEB claimed the No. 1 domestic carrier last year when it captured 50% of the domestic market share. It remains the number one carrier in 2010, with 51% market share. It started operations only in 1996.
Source : http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/37395-Cebu-Pacific-now-the-Philippines%E2%80%99-largest-airline-
Article no. 2
Medical Tourism to play significant role in recovery of Asian economies
Friday, April 23, 2010
Asian economies are expected to fully recover from effects of the global recession, with the medical tourism and retirement sectors touted as sunrise industries that will propel the economic growth of the region. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) earlier said that developing Asia's GDP would grow by 7.5% this year, a big leap from 5.2% in 2009. The projected growth rate is higher than those of other parts in the world.
8. Overseas Filipinos will continue to be recognized for their critical role in the country's economic and social stability.
Article no. 1
Filipino Au Pairs needed in Switzerland
May 23, 2010
Switzerland, a country with stable, modern and one of the most capitalist economies in the world and one of Europe’s wealthiest country is in need of Filipino Au Pairs to look after the children of Swiss employer as well as provide light housekeeping.
Article no. 2
Tax-Free Privilege Granted To OFWs
Apr 26, 2010
Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) are now exempted from paying taxes such as documentary stamp tax (DST) on their remittances, travel tax and airport fee. Migrant workers now enjoy this tax-free privilege because it is included in the revised Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act.
Question no. 3
With the assistance of different bureaus as well as interest groups, it is the President than drafts state policies. What do you think will be included in President Noynoy Aquino’s foreign Policy list now that he has assumed the Presidency? Identify 5 issues and find news clippings (1 for each issue) to support your answer
A Commitment to Transformational Leadership:
1. From a President who tolerates corruption to a President who is the nation’s first and most determined fighter of corruption.
2. From a government that merely conjures economic growth statistics that our people know to be unreal to a government that prioritizes jobs that empower the people and provide them with opportunities to rise above poverty.
3. From relegating education to just one of many concerns to making education the central strategy for investing in our people, reducing poverty and building national competitiveness.
4. From treating health as just another area for political patronage to recognizing the advancement and protection of public health, which includes responsible parenthood, as key measures of good governance.
5. From justice that money and connections can buy to a truly impartial system of institutions that deliver equal justice to rich or poor.
Economy : To recognizing farms and rural enterprises as vital to achieving food security and more equitable economic growth, worthy of re-investment for sustained productivity. To well-considered programs that build capacity and create opportunity among the poor and the marginalized in the country. To a government that creates conditions conducive to the growth and competitiveness of private businesses, big, medium and small. To a government that creates jobs at home, so that working abroad will be a choice rather than a necessity; and when its citizens do choose to become OFWs, their welfare and protection will still be the government’s priority.
Government Service : To discerning selection based on integrity, competence and performance in serving the public good. To professional, motivated and energized bureaucracies with adequate means to perform their public service missions.
Gender Equality : From a lack of concern for gender disparities and shortfalls, to the promotion of equal gender opportunity in all spheres of public policies and programs.
Peace & Order: to seeks a broadly supported just peace and will redress decades of neglect of the Moro and other peoples of Mindanao.
Environment : to planning alternative, inclusive urban developments where people of varying income levels are integrated in productive, healthy and safe communities.. To a government that will encourage sustainable use of resources to benefit the present and future generations.
Question no. 4
How significant is the association of ASEAN in the Philippine Foreign Policy?
- The nation is currently actively engaging with regional neighbors in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter of East Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional allies Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Relations with Vietnam and Cambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN. Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, among which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.
Source :
- http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/36655--Medical-Tourism-to-play-significant-role-in-recovery-of-Asian-economies-
- www.dfa.gov.ph
- Philippine Star
What is the mandate of the department of foreign affairs in terms of being the principal arm to implement foreign policy? What other institutions help or assist the Department of Foreign Affairs in realizing Foreign Policy?
- Department of Foreign Affairs is the prime agency of government responsible for the pursuit of the State's foreign policy and the nerve center for a Foreign Service worthy of the trust and pride of every Filipino. The DFA implement foreign policy with the highest standards of professionalism and commitment. They aim to pursue bilateral, regional and multilateral relations to advance the interest of the Philippines and the Filipinos. DFA build partnerships with national security and development agencies, think-tanks and the academe, the private sector, the media and civil society in the interest of the nation and the people.
- The Department of Foreign Affairs (DFA) advises and assists the President in planning, organizing, directing, coordinating, integrating, and evaluating the total national effort in the field of foreign relations in pursuit of its Constitutional mandate.
- The Foreign Service Institute or (FSI) serves as the center for the development and professionalization of the career foreign serious operations.
- The technical cooperation council of the Philippines (TCCP) acts as the national focal point for technical cooperation among developing (TCDC) and as such implements a technical; cooperation program in favor of the developing and least develop countries, coordinates related projects and activities implemented by government and non- government organizations, and undertakes research on the technical assistance requirements of the DC’s and the LDCs.
- The UNESCO ideals, programs and activities aimed in creating a society where each individual can live and or in dignity and participate fully in the country’s development. In the changes of global context the DFA maybe gut modeled in response to this the rise of NGOs in the international decision making has resulted in a network of consultative functions with larger and more critical global implications.
- WTO has internalized interest of highly developed state into country’s economic life, it has reshape the Philippine society in terms of migrant workers and its protection, imposed conditions of multilateral organizations, rules of trade and legal agreements.
Question no. 2
Enumerate the Eight Foreign Policy Realities of former President Arroyo or each reality find 2-3 related news articles and then make an analysis as to what extent did the Arroyo administration work to implement the said realities.
1. China, Japan and The United States and their relationship will be a determining influence in the security situation and economic evolution of east Asia
Article no. 1
Asia and the United States: The Challenges Ahead
By Robert A. Scalaring
Considers how the USA should (1) best encourage evolution towards democracy in Asia's socialist states, covering China after the Tienanmen Square demonstrations, North Korea's improving dialogue with South Korea, and Vietnam's withdrawal from Cambodia (2) resolve its trade policy differences with Japan, before issues become "thrust into the heat of the domestic political arena".
Article no. 2
China and Japan's Simmering Rivalry
By Kent E. Calder
March/ April 2006
Although Japan and China have close economic ties, their diplomatic relations have been strained by clashing interests and cultural friction. The United States has an important role to play in promoting cooperation between Tokyo and Beijing and helping them adjust to a new phase in East Asia's history.
2. Philippine foreign policy decisions have to be made in the context Of ASEAN
Article no. 1
Philippines: Ratify ASEAN Charter, says CHR
The Philippines, particularly the Senate, should join the seven other members of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations and ratify the regional bloc's charter, the Commission on Human Rights said. (ASIA PACIFIC FORUM)
Article no. 2
Filipino Community Attests to People-Centered Philippine Foreign Policy
"The Department of Foreign Affairs as a member of the Philippine Working Group has always been very supportive, and has carried this advocacy forward. The Philippines has strived to be the most progressive of vanguards when it comes to human rights in ASEAN and has sought to keep its foreign policy decisions in line with ASEAN's vision of a truly people-oriented community,
3. The International Islamic Community will continue to be important for the Philippines
Article no.1
Moro Islamic Liberation Front
The MILF is the vanguard of the Islamic movement in the Bangsamoro homeland in Mindanao and the neighbouring islands. Islam in the Philippines has absorbed indigenous elements, much as has Catholicism. Moros thus make offerings to spirits (diwatas), malevolent or benign, believing that such spirits can and will have an effect on one's health, family, and crops.
Article no. 2
Filipino Community Attests to People-Centered Philippine Foreign
2 Jun 2010 ... "The Department of Foreign Affairs as a member of the Philippine Working ... greater partnership with the international Islamic community.
4. The coming years will see the growing importance of multilateral and inter-regional organizations to promote common interest.
4. The coming years will see the growing importance of multilateral and inter-regional organizations to promote common interests;
5. As an archipelagic state, the defense of the nation's sovereignty and the protection of its environment and natural resources can be carried out only to the extent that it asserts its rights over the maritime territory and gets others to respect those rights;
Article no. 1
Hundreds of dolphins invade Bataan shores
By Katherine Adraneda
(The Philippine Star) Updated February 11, 2009 12:00 AM
MANILA, Philippines - Three of the more than 300 melon-headed dolphins that “invaded” the waters off Pilar town in Bataan early yesterday have drowned. Locals believe they were trapped in fishing nets near the coast.
6. The country's economic policy will continue to be friendly to both domestic and foreign direct investments;
Economy expands 7.3% in 1st quarter
By Iris C. Gonzales
(Th MANILA, Philippines - The economy expanded by 7.3 percent in the first quarter of the year, the highest quarterly growth recorded since the 8.3 percent-expansion registered in the second quarter of 2007 on the back of sustained dollar.
remittances from overseas Filipino workers (OFWs), election-related spending and a general improvement in the global environment, the National Statistical Coordination Board (NSCB) reported yesterday.
Article no. 2
FACTBOX-Philippine policymakers' comments on economy, policy
2010-06-03 02:56 (UTC)
MANILA, June 3 (Reuters) - The Philippine central bank is expected to hold interest rates steady at a record low of 4 percent on Thursday as it waits to assess the impact of Europe's sovereign debt problems on the global economy.
Following are comments by senior Philippine policymakers since the last central bank meeting on April 22. The central bank will announce the policy review around 0800 GMT.
7. The Philippines can benefit most quickly from international tourism
Article no. 1
Cebu Pacific now the Philippines’ largest airline
Thursday, June 10, 2010
Cebu Pacific (CEB) is now the Philippines’ largest airline by total number of passengers flown on domestic and international routes. Based on Civil Aeronautics Board (CAB) data, CEB flew 2,448,990 domestic and international passengers from January to March this year, almost 110,000 more than Philippine Airlines’ system-wide figures of 2,339,788. CEB claimed the No. 1 domestic carrier last year when it captured 50% of the domestic market share. It remains the number one carrier in 2010, with 51% market share. It started operations only in 1996.
Source : http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/37395-Cebu-Pacific-now-the-Philippines%E2%80%99-largest-airline-
Article no. 2
Medical Tourism to play significant role in recovery of Asian economies
Friday, April 23, 2010
Asian economies are expected to fully recover from effects of the global recession, with the medical tourism and retirement sectors touted as sunrise industries that will propel the economic growth of the region. The Asian Development Bank (ADB) earlier said that developing Asia's GDP would grow by 7.5% this year, a big leap from 5.2% in 2009. The projected growth rate is higher than those of other parts in the world.
8. Overseas Filipinos will continue to be recognized for their critical role in the country's economic and social stability.
Article no. 1
Filipino Au Pairs needed in Switzerland
May 23, 2010
Switzerland, a country with stable, modern and one of the most capitalist economies in the world and one of Europe’s wealthiest country is in need of Filipino Au Pairs to look after the children of Swiss employer as well as provide light housekeeping.
Article no. 2
Tax-Free Privilege Granted To OFWs
Apr 26, 2010
Overseas Filipino workers (OFWs) are now exempted from paying taxes such as documentary stamp tax (DST) on their remittances, travel tax and airport fee. Migrant workers now enjoy this tax-free privilege because it is included in the revised Migrant Workers and Overseas Filipinos Act.
Question no. 3
With the assistance of different bureaus as well as interest groups, it is the President than drafts state policies. What do you think will be included in President Noynoy Aquino’s foreign Policy list now that he has assumed the Presidency? Identify 5 issues and find news clippings (1 for each issue) to support your answer
A Commitment to Transformational Leadership:
1. From a President who tolerates corruption to a President who is the nation’s first and most determined fighter of corruption.
2. From a government that merely conjures economic growth statistics that our people know to be unreal to a government that prioritizes jobs that empower the people and provide them with opportunities to rise above poverty.
3. From relegating education to just one of many concerns to making education the central strategy for investing in our people, reducing poverty and building national competitiveness.
4. From treating health as just another area for political patronage to recognizing the advancement and protection of public health, which includes responsible parenthood, as key measures of good governance.
5. From justice that money and connections can buy to a truly impartial system of institutions that deliver equal justice to rich or poor.
Economy : To recognizing farms and rural enterprises as vital to achieving food security and more equitable economic growth, worthy of re-investment for sustained productivity. To well-considered programs that build capacity and create opportunity among the poor and the marginalized in the country. To a government that creates conditions conducive to the growth and competitiveness of private businesses, big, medium and small. To a government that creates jobs at home, so that working abroad will be a choice rather than a necessity; and when its citizens do choose to become OFWs, their welfare and protection will still be the government’s priority.
Government Service : To discerning selection based on integrity, competence and performance in serving the public good. To professional, motivated and energized bureaucracies with adequate means to perform their public service missions.
Gender Equality : From a lack of concern for gender disparities and shortfalls, to the promotion of equal gender opportunity in all spheres of public policies and programs.
Peace & Order: to seeks a broadly supported just peace and will redress decades of neglect of the Moro and other peoples of Mindanao.
Environment : to planning alternative, inclusive urban developments where people of varying income levels are integrated in productive, healthy and safe communities.. To a government that will encourage sustainable use of resources to benefit the present and future generations.
Question no. 4
How significant is the association of ASEAN in the Philippine Foreign Policy?
- The nation is currently actively engaging with regional neighbors in Southeast Asia through the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (as a founding member) with the intention of strengthening regional harmony, stability, and prosperity. It has been a supporter of East Timor since the latter's independence and has expanded trade links with its traditional allies Indonesia, Malaysia, Singapore, and Thailand. Relations with Vietnam and Cambodia have thawed in the 1990s after their entry into the ASEAN. Philippine foreign policy is based on the advancement of Filipino ideals and values, among which include the advancement of democracy and advocacy for human rights worldwide.
Source :
- http://www.traveldailynews.com/pages/show_page/36655--Medical-Tourism-to-play-significant-role-in-recovery-of-Asian-economies-
- www.dfa.gov.ph
- Philippine Star
Sunday, July 4, 2010
Philippine History
Rise of the 19th century was characterized by Nationalistic Policy so as with the rise of educated elites also known as the Illustrados. Jose Rizal is one of them. Illustrados are the ones who go out on the country to study. During the 19th century liberalism in Europe started. Technological Innovation of the Suez Canal the Trading Root was improved.
In South Asia printing press made literacy increase, publication of book, magazines, news papers and other reading materials helps the people to gain knowledge about everything.
On 1896-1897, during the 1st phase of revolution the main actors are the elites. During this year Bonifacio who had an underground organization with Aguinaldo died.
The American entry to the Philippines was a debate whether to destroy the Spanish fleet or to colonize the Philippines. American occupation was the result for expansion and annexation. The Battle of Manila Bay resulted for Philippine Independence since the American won. Arrival of U.S Troops was quite ironic, it was a very big question of Why the Americans established military troops. Philippine- American Relation was very funny, I was called “love-hate” relationship and a “special” relationship since it was a very personal relationship.
Japan was considered as the leaders of the Asians. I was quite surprise knowing that Japan only has self-defense force or the SDF. They are no allowed to use there military for offence.
Marcos era was considered a strong government except for the killings. Marcos had two terms for his presidency. His 1st term happened during 1965-1969. While his 2nd term happened during 1970-1972. Martial Law was considered as one of the good things that Marcos did for the Philippines since it was a world wide phenomenon. But Martial Law also brought Philippines some tragedy. Filipinos experienced no freedom and yet no bread, political violence became ingrained and other authoritarian temptation. Martial Law was also considered as the root of corruption in the Philippines.
I was a little bit surprise knowing that women played important roles on politics and military occupations. Just like what happen to Marcos and Dovie Beams.
In South Asia printing press made literacy increase, publication of book, magazines, news papers and other reading materials helps the people to gain knowledge about everything.
On 1896-1897, during the 1st phase of revolution the main actors are the elites. During this year Bonifacio who had an underground organization with Aguinaldo died.
The American entry to the Philippines was a debate whether to destroy the Spanish fleet or to colonize the Philippines. American occupation was the result for expansion and annexation. The Battle of Manila Bay resulted for Philippine Independence since the American won. Arrival of U.S Troops was quite ironic, it was a very big question of Why the Americans established military troops. Philippine- American Relation was very funny, I was called “love-hate” relationship and a “special” relationship since it was a very personal relationship.
Japan was considered as the leaders of the Asians. I was quite surprise knowing that Japan only has self-defense force or the SDF. They are no allowed to use there military for offence.
Marcos era was considered a strong government except for the killings. Marcos had two terms for his presidency. His 1st term happened during 1965-1969. While his 2nd term happened during 1970-1972. Martial Law was considered as one of the good things that Marcos did for the Philippines since it was a world wide phenomenon. But Martial Law also brought Philippines some tragedy. Filipinos experienced no freedom and yet no bread, political violence became ingrained and other authoritarian temptation. Martial Law was also considered as the root of corruption in the Philippines.
I was a little bit surprise knowing that women played important roles on politics and military occupations. Just like what happen to Marcos and Dovie Beams.
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